Automatic apparatus for protecting compound-wound dynamos.



No. 650,704. Patented May 29, I900.

c. :4. BLACK.

AUTOMATIC APPARATUS FOR PROTECTING COMPOUND WOUND DYNAMOS.

(Application filed Aug. 15, 1898.) (No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet I.

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No. 650,704. Patented may 29, I900 c. N. BLACK.

AUTOMATIC APPARATUS FOR PROTECTING COMPOUND WOUND DYNAMOS (Application filed-Aug. 15, 1898.)

w: Norms PETERS co.. PHOTO-H1110 WASHINGTON, u. c.

No. 650,704. Patented May 29, I900. C. N. BLACK AUTOMATIC APPARATUS FOR PROTECTING COMPOUND WOUND DYNAMOS.

(Application filed Au 15, 1898.)

(No Model.)

5 sheets-sheet 3.

THE poms runs :07 Pnorouwu. WASHINGTON, 0's,

Patented May 29, I900. C. N. BLACK. AUTOMATIC APPARATUS FOR PROTECTING COMPOUND WOUND DYNAMOS.

(Application filed Aug. 15, 189B.)

5 Sh'eetsSheet 4.

(No Model.)

THE Nonms mans co. mom-mum wnnmcmn. n. c.

No. 650,704. Patented May 29, 1900. c. N. BLACK.

AUTOMATIC APPARATUS FOR PROTECTING COMPOUND WOUND DYNAMOS.

(Application filed Aug. 15, 1898.)

(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Shoat 5.

THE norms Pzrcns co, Pncfuuwq, WASHINGTON, D. c

UNITED STATES PATENT lr'ricn i.

CHARLES N. BLACK, OF NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT.

AUTOMATIC APPARATUS FOR PROTECTING COMPOUND-WOUND DYNAMOS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N0. 650,704, dated May 29, 1906.

Application filed August 15, 1898. Serial No. 688,582. (No model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, CHARLES N. BLACK, of New Haven, in the county of New Haven and State of Connecticut, have invented anew Improvement in Automatic Apparatus for the Protection of Compound-Wound Dynamos; and I do hereby declare the following, when taken in connection with the accompanying drawings and the letters of reference marked thereon, to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, and which said drawings constitute part of this specification, and represent,- in- Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, diagrammatic representations of different forms which my invention may assume.

My invention relates to an improved automatic apparatus for protecting a compound wound dynamo against the exigencies of use, such as an overload or short circuit, the object being to provide dynamos of the character described with simple, reliable, and effective means for their protection.

- lleretofore compo und-wound dynamos have generally been protected by means of circuitbreakers which break the main or working circuit of the dynamo. Owing to the fact that, however constructed, these circuit-breakers are in the nature of their operation constantly subjected to the disintegrating action of the electric are or flashing when in operation, they require constant attention and repair and are not infrequently destroyed. They are generally expensive in their initial construction and expensive to maintain and are on these accounts objectionable, and for the further reason that if they fail to operate the machine which they are designed to protect may sustain serious damage.

\Vith the ends above stated in View my invention consists in an automatic apparatus for short-circuit-ing the series windings of a compound-wound dynamo.

My invention further consists in an automatic apparatus for short-circ uiting the series windings of a compound-wound dynamo and for opening the equalizer connection when two or more of such machines are connected foroperation in parallel.

My invention further consists in an automatic apparatus for short-circuiting the series windings of a compound-wound dynamo for For the purpose of illustrating my inven tion I have shown it as applied to the protection of a compound-wound dynamo connected in parallel with other corresponding machines, as indicated, by the employment of an equalizer connection. I

In carrying out my invention as shown in Fig. 1 of the drawings I employ a positive bus bar or conductor A, an equalizer bus-bar of conductor B, and a negative bus-bar or con ductor G. The said positive bus-bar Ais connected in the usual manner by a conductor 1) with the series windings E of a compoundwound dynamo, which is, so to speak, dia grammatically represented. The said equal izer bus-bar B is connected by a conductor F with a contact-piece or clip G, which maybe of any approved construction and which is normally engaged by and in electrical contact with a movable conductor H, which, as shown, consists of awide flat copper blade pivotally mounted at one end upon a pivot H',which sup ports the blade in the bracket 1, with which it is electrically connected. The said bracket I is itself connected by a conductor J to the positive commutator-brush K, which is also connected to the other end of the series windings E. The negative bus-bar O is connected by a conductorLto the coil M of an electromagnetic device, also comprising a yoke M, the leg m of which the coil encircles. The other leg m of the magnet-yoke has attached to it a spring M the lower end of which carries an armature M', which is located adjacent to the leg m of the magnet-yoke M. The other end of the coil M is connected by a conductor N to the negative commutator-brush O,wl1ic11 rides upon the commutator P, also engaged by the positive commutator-brush K, before mentioned. The said brush Q is connected by a conductor Q with one end of the shunt-wind ings R, the other end of which is connected by a conductor R with the positive commu tater-.brush K. I may note here that the conductor Pt instead of leading to the positive commutator-brush K might lead to the conductor D or to the positive bus-bar A. The said armature M is adapted to act as one member of a tripping device which also includes a finger H located upon the free end of the movable conductor H. When the armature M is attracted by the electromagnet, it is disengaged from the finger H leaving the spring S, attached to the movable conductor H, free to act and automatically move the said conductor into engagement and electrical contact with a contact-piece or clip T, which is located directly below the contactpiece or clip G, before mentioned, the contactpiece or clip T being connected by a conductor U with'the conductor D. 1

Having thus described an illustrative embodiment of my invention, let it be assumed that the current has risen above a predetermined fixed value on account of an overload or a short circuit or from any other cause. The electromagnet will then under this increased current attract its armature Miwhich will be withdrawn from the finger H of the blade 11, so as to release the same and permit the same to be moved by its spring S, so as to disengage it from the contact-piece or clip G and engage it with the contact-piece or clip T. It may be here noted that the spring M carrying the armature M is adjusted in tension so that the current normally flowing through the coil M will not attract the armature M sufficiently to release the movable conductor. The described movement of the blade or conductor H breaks the equalizer connection through the contact-piece or clip G and short-circuits the series windings E through the contact-piece or clip T. The effectof this is to convert the compound-wound machine virtuallyinto a simple shunt-wound machine without breaking the main circuit of the same. The machine now being a simple shunt-wound machine has all the characteristics of the same.

It will be apparent toanyone skilled in the art to which this invention relates that without departing from the principle of the invention the electromagnet may be connected as a shunt to the main circuit from the brush 0 t0 the negative bus-bar Qas shown in dotted lines in Fig. 1. The electromagnet may also be connected in on the same side of the machine to which the equalizer connection is made. It will also be understood that a solenoid may be used instead of an electromagnet. It will also be understood that the polarity of the machine may be reversed-that is, the brush K might be the negative brush and the brush 0 the positive-the polarity of the bus-bars at the same time being reversed. In Fig. 2 of the drawings I have illustrated another embodiment of my invention, which in this instance is designed to effect not only the short-circuiting of the series windings and the opencircuiting of the equalizer connection, but also the opening of the circuit through the series windings, without breaking the main circuit. In this embodiment of my invention I employ a positive bus-bar or conductor Ct, an equalizer bus-bar or conductor 1), and a negative bus-bar or conductor a. The said positive bus-bar is connected by a conductor d to one end of the series windings e, the other end of which is connected by a conductorf with a contact-piece or clip g, which is normally in electrical contact with a movable conductor h in the form of a wide copper blade which is hung upon a pivot h in a fixed bracket 2', with which the blade is in electrical contact. The equalizer bus-bar or conductor Z) is connected by a conductor j with a contact-piece or clip in, which is also normally in electrical contact with the movable conductor or blade h. The negative bus-bar or conductor a is connected by a conductor Z with one end of the coil n of an electromagnet, which also comprises a yoke it, having legs 01 and a of which the leg 02 is encircled by the said coil n, the opposite end of which is connected by a conductor Z with the negative com- -mutator-brush 0, which rides upon the commutator 0. The said brush 0 is connected by a conductor 19 with one end of the shuntwindings q, the other end of which is connected by a conductor q with the positive commutator-brush 0 which is connected by a conductor 0 with the bracket 2', before mentioned. To the leg 11 0f the yoke n I secure a spring 8, the lower end of which carries an armature t, which coacts with the leg 12 0f the yoke n. The said armature If is normally engaged by a finger 71?, carried by and projecting from the free end of the movable conductor or blade h. A spiral spring u, connected with the said blade at one end, exerts a constant effort to draw it away from the contact pieces or clips 71; and g and into contact with a contact-piece or clip o, located on the side of the blade h opposite to the contact-pieces or clips 7c and g and connected by a conductor u; with the main or working line d. When the current rises above a predetermined fixed value on account of an overload or short circuit oron account of any other cause, the electromagnet attracts the armature t sufiiciently to overcome the spring 8 and to release the finger 7L2, after which the spring u immediately acts to move the blade it away from the contact-pieces or clips 7t and 9 toward the contact-piece or clip '0, with which the blade is brought into electrical contact before it breaks electrical contact with the clip g, whereby the series windings 6 will be short-circuited and then cut out of circuit without breaking the main or working circuit.

In Fig. 3 I have illustrated another embodiment of my invention, which in this instance is designed to effect not only the short circuiting of the series windings and the opencircuiting of the equalizer connection, but also the opening of the circuit through the series windings without breaking the main izer bus-bar or conductor B, and a negative bus-bar or conductor 0. The said positive bus-bar is connected by a conductor W to a contact-piece or clip Y, normally in contact with an auxiliary movable conductor or blade X. The said contact-piece or clip Y is also connected by a conductor U with a contactpiece or clip T. The movable conductor or blade X is hung upon a pivot Q in a fixed bracket Q, with which the blade is in electrical contact, and which in turn is connected by the conductor D with one terminal of the series windings E, the other terminal of the series windings E being connected to the brush K. The equalizer bus-bar'or conductor B is connected by a conductor F with a contact-piece or clip G,which is normally in electrical contact with a movable conductor or blade H The movable conductor or blade I1 is hung on a pivot II in a bracket 1 and is in electrical contact with the same. The said bracket 1 is connected bya conductor J to the brush K. conductor 0 is connected by a conductor L with one end of the coil M of an electromagnet, which also comprises a yoke M having legs m m of which the leg m is encircled by the said coil M the opposite end of which is connected by a conductor 1 with the negative commutator-brush O, which rides upon the commutator P. The said brush 0 is connected by a conductor R with one end of the shunt-windin gs R the other end of which is connected by a conductor R with the positive commutator-lnush K. To the leg m of the yoke M I secure a spring M the lower end of "which carries an armature M", which coacts with the leg m of the yoke M The said armature M is normally engaged by a finger 11, carried by and projecting from the free end of the movable conductor or blade H A spiral spring S, connected with the said blade at one end, exerts a constant effort to draw it away from the contact-piece or clip G and into contact with the contactpiece or clip T, located on the side of the blade H opposite to the contact-piece or clip G. The movable conductor or blade II has on its other extremitya non-conducting piece II, which engages a lip V on the auxiliary blade X and holds the said auxiliary blade X in contact with the contact-piece 0r clip Y against the pressure of spring S S is a small stop for preventing too great a movement of the auxiliary blade X. When the current rises above a predetermined fixed value on account of an overload or short circuit or on account of any other cause, the electromagnet attracts the armature M sufficiently to overcome the spring M and to The negative bus-bar or release the finger H after which the spring toward the contact-piece or clip T, with which the blade is brought into electrical contact. At the same time by the movement of the blade H the auxiliary blade X is re leased, and the spring S immediately acts and breaks the contact of the blade'X with the contact-piece or clip Y. This, however, is not effected until the blade H makes contact with the contact-piece or clip T, whereby the connection to the equalizer bus-bar will be broken and the series windings E shortcircuited and then cut out of circuit without breaking the main or working circuit.

In each of the embodiments of my invention chosen for illustration I have shown apparatus designed for use in conjunction with several machines operated in parallel,-it being only necessary to conceive the conductors A, B, and O in Fig. 1, a, b, and c in Fig. 2, and A, B, and O in Fig. 3 as extended and the apparatus and connections shown in the respective figures duplicated; but my invention is also applicable to single dynamos, in which case the equalizer bus-bar or conductor B, the conductor F, and the clip Gin Fig. 1, the equalizer bus-bar or conductor b, the conductor j, and the clip kin Fig. 2, and the equalizer bus-bar or conductor B, the conductor F, and the clip G in'Fig. 2 will be dispensed with.

Fig. 4 of the drawings shows the connection in parallel of two machines like that shown in Fig. 1, while Fig. 5 of the drawings, which is also based upon Fig. 1, shows the application of my invention to a single dynamo.

In view of the modifications suggested and of others which may obviously be made I would have it understood that I do not limit myself to the exact construction herein shown and described, but hold myself at liberty to make such changes as fairly fall within the spirit and scope of my invention.

Having fully described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. An automatic apparatus for short-circuiting the series windings of a compoundwound dynamo, the said apparatus comprising a device electrically operated for shortcircuiting the series windings of the dynamo in case of an overload or a short-circuit on the line, and requiring manual operation for again throwing the current of the dynamo onto the line.

2. An automatic apparatus for short-circuiting the series windings of a compoundwound dynamo the said apparatus comprising an electrically operated device, and means automatically actuated by the said device for opening the equalizer connection when two or more of such machines are con nected for operation in parallel.

3. An automatic apparatus for short-circuiting the series windings of a compoundwound dynamo comprising an electrically-operated device, and means automatically actuated by the said device for opening the equalizer connection when two or more of such machines are connected for operation in parallel, and also for automatically cutting out the series windings without breaking the main or working circuit.

4. An automatic apparatus for short-circuiting the series windings of a compoundwound dynamo, the said apparatus including an electromagnetic device, a movable conductor constantly maintained in its normal position by means of the said electromagnetic device, and automatically moved when released thereby, and a contact-piece located in position for being electrically engaged by the said movable conductor when the same is released, and connected to one terminal of the series windings of the machine, the other terminal of which is so connected that the said movable conductor when'released will shortcircuit the series windings.

5. An automatic apparatus for short-circuiting the series windings of a compoundwound dynamo and opening the equalizer connection thereof, the said apparatus comprising an electromagnetic device, a movable conductor constantly maintained in its norlease by the electromagnetic device,and which is connected with one terminal of the series windings, the other terminal of which is so connected that the said movable conductor when released, will short-circuit the series windings.

6. An automatic apparatus for short-circuiting the series windings of a compoundwound dynamo, and opening the equalizer connection thereof and cutting out the series windings without breaking the main or working circuit, the said apparatus comprising an electromagnetic device, a movable conductor constantly maintained in its normal position by means of the said electromagnetic device and automatically moved when released thereby, a contact-piece or clip connected with the equalizing-conductor or bus-bar and normally in electrical contact with the said movable conductor, a contact-piece or clip which is engaged by and in electric contact with the said conductor when the same is moved after it is released by the electromagnetic device, said conductor being connected with one terminal of the series windings, and a contact-piece or clip normally in electrical contact with the said movable'conductor, and connected with the other terminal of the series windings,and disconnected from the movable conductor when the same is moved after its release, but not before it comes in contact with the contact-piece or clip connected with the main or working circuit.

7. An automatic apparatus for short-cir-= cuiting the series windings of a compoundwound dynamo, the said apparatus including an electromagneticdevice, a movable conductor constantly maintained in its normal position by the said electromagnetic device, and automatically moved when released thereby, and in electrical connection with that brush of the dynamo which is directly connected to the series windings, and a contact-piece lo cated in position for being electrically engaged by the said movable conductor when the same is released and connected to one terminal of the series windings of the machine, the other terminal being connected to the said brush.

8. An automatic apparatus for short-circuiting the series windings of a compoundwound dynamo, and for opening the equalizer connection when two or more machines are connected for operation in parallel, the said apparatus including an electromagnetic device, a movable conductor constantly maintained in its normal position by means of the said electromagnetic device, automatically moved when released thereby and electrically connected with one brush of the machine, a contact-piece or clip connected with the equalizer conductor or bus-bar and normally in electrical contact with the said movable conductor, a contact-piece located in position for being electrically engaged by the said movable conductor when the same is released, and connected to one terminal of the series windings of the machine, the other terminal of which is connected with the same brush.

9. An automatic apparatus for short-circuiting the series windings of a compoundwound dynamo, the said apparatus comprising an electromagnetic device, a movable conductor consisting of a pivotally mounted blade adapted at one end to be engaged with and normally supported through the agency of the electromagnetic device, and to be antomatically moved when released thereby, and one or more contact-pieces or clips located adjacent to the said bar for coaction therewith, as and for the purpose set forth.

10. An automatic device for short-circuiting the series windings of a com pound-Wound dynamo and opening the equalizer connection thereof and cutting out the series windings without breaking the main or working circuit, the said apparatus comprising an electromagnetic device, a movable conductor constantly maintained in its normal position by means of the said electromagnetic device, and automatically moved when released thereby, the said conductor connected to one terminal of the series windings, a contact-piece or clip connected with the equalizer conductor or bus-bar and normally in electrical contact with the said movable conductor, a con- IIO is so connected that when the main movable conductor is released and the auxiliary movable conductor is released, the series windings will be short-circuited and then cut out of circuit.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

CHAS. N. BLACK. Witnesses LILLIAN D. KELSEY', GEORGE D. SEYMOUR. 

